Identity documents of India are increasingly used to transact and obtain government benefits in India.
While there is no single mandatory document, the following documents are used in lieu of a national identity document:
- Aadhaar card, a biometric, digital and physical identity system.
- Indian passport
- Overseas Passport
- Electoral Photo Identity Card (EPIC) issued by the Election Commission of India
- Overseas Citizenship of India document
- Person of Indian Origin Card
- Permanent account number (PAN) card (income tax)
- Driving licence in India issued by the states
- Ration card issued by the Government of India
- Identity Certificate for non-citizens or stateless people
- A Birth certificate issued by the Registry of Births and Deaths (RBD) or from a Municipality within the provisions of the RBD Act
- Transfer/School leaving/Matriculation Certificate
- Service Identity Card issued by State/Central Government, Public Sector Undertakings, local bodies or public Limited Companies
- Copy of an extract of the service record of the applicant (only in respect of Government servants) or the Pay Pension Order (in respect of retired Government Servants), duly attested/certified by the officer/in-charge of the Administration of the concerned Ministry/Department of the holder
- Policy Bond issued by Public Life Insurance Corporations/Companies
- Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe/Other Backward Clases Certificates
- Freedom Fighter Identity Cards
- Arms Licenses
- Property Documents such as Pattas, Registered Deeds etc.
- Railway Identity Cards
- Student Photo Identity Cards issued by Government Recognized Educational Institutions in respect of full time courses
- Gas Connection Bill
- Bank/ Kisan/ Post Office Passbooks
- Photo Bank ATM Card
- Photo Credit Card
- Pensioner Photo Card
- Certificate of Identify having photo issued by Gazetted Officer or Tehsildar on letterhead
- Disability ID Card / handicapped medical certificate issued by the respective State / UT
- Marriage Certificate
- Proof of Marriage document issued by the Registrar
- Gazette Notification
- Legal Name Change Certificate
Identity documents are used for multiple purposes:
- For domestic and international travel
- To obtain a mobile phone SIM card
- To apply for a passport
- To obtain government benefits
- In certain cases when asked to do so by law-enforcement officers
Video Identity documents of India
Issues
A large number of people remain without identity documents - poor people especially. In order to include them, identity requirements for Aadhaar have been reduced, however biometric facilities have been provided to reduce or eliminated duplication, so while it may be possible to obtain the card under a false name, it is less likely to be able to obtain another Aadhaar card under a different (or real) name, though there have been cases where the biometrics has been circumvented. The Government has officially rejected the use of Aadhaar as an Identity card however is often treated as such, despite being insecure (it is printed on paper).
There is criticism that India has too many Identity systems, and they are not consistently accepted.
There have been many cases of identity theft in India, and identity fraud is a major issue. With documents such as the new Aadhaar card subject to considerable fraud.
One prominent case was Shyam Acharya in 2017 who fled Australia after being charged for allegedly stealing the identity of a foreign doctor, Dr Sarang Chitale since 2003, practicing in Australian hospitals. He obtained an Indian passport, was able to migrate, became a naturalised Australian, and practice medicine all under a stolen identity obtained in India.
Maps Identity documents of India
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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